Respiratory system

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Respiratory system:

The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs, and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.

শ্বসনতন্ত্র হ'ল অঙ্গ এবং টিস্যুগুলির নেটওয়ার্ক যা আপনাকে শ্বাস নিতে সহায়তা করে। এটিতে আপনার এয়ারওয়েজ, ফুসফুস এবং রক্তনালীগুলি অন্তর্ভুক্ত। আপনার ফুসফুসকে শক্তি দেয় এমন পেশীগুলিও শ্বাসযন্ত্রের অংশ এই অংশগুলি সারা শরীর জুড়ে অক্সিজেন স্থানান্তর করতে এবং কার্বন ডাই অক্সাইডের মতো বর্জ্য গ্যাসগুলি পরিষ্কার করার জন্য একসাথে কাজ করে।

Respiratory system

The functions of the respiratory system are:

1. Oxygen supplier. The job of the respiratory system is to keep the body constantly supplied with oxygen.
2. Elimination. Elimination of carbon dioxide.
3. Gas exchange. The respiratory system organs oversee the gas exchanges that occur between the blood and the external environment.
4. Passageway. Passageways that allow air to reach the lungs.
5. Humidifier. Purify, humidify, and warm incoming air.

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

oxygen and carbon dioxide exhaling systems

oxygen and carbon dioxide exhaling systems

Anatomy of the Lungs

The system in living organisms that inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide in order to satisfy energy requirements.

The lungs are the major organs of respiration

Apex- The blunt superior end of the lung. It projects upwards, above the level of the 1st rib and into the floor of the neck.

Base- The inferior surface of the lung, which sits on the diaphragm.

Lobes (Right-3, Left-2)- These are separated by fissures within the lung.

Surfaces (three)- These correspond to the area of the thorax that they face.

1) Costal,

2) Mediastinal

3) Diaphragmatic.

Borders (three)- The edges of the lungs

1) Anterior

2) Inferior

3) Posterior borders

The Mediastinum

The mediastinum is an area found in the midline of the thoracic cavity, that is surrounded by the left and right pleural sacs. It is divided into the superior and inferior mediastinum, of which the latter is larger.

The inferior mediastinum is further divided into the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum

Superior mediastinum

1. Borders: first rib (superior) - T4 (inferior)
2. Content:

• Thymus,
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Thoracic duct
• Aortic arch,
• Superior vena cava,
• Brachiocephalic vein,
• Left superior intercostal vein,
• Other small arteries and veins,
• Nerves (vagus, phrenic, left recurrent laryngeal),
• Lymphatic channels 

Anterior inferior mediastinum

1. Borders: T4 (superior) - T9 (inferior); sternum (anterior) - pericardium (posterior)
2. Content: remnants of the thymus, lymph nodes

Middle inferior mediastinum

1. Borders: T4 (superior) - T9 (inferior); anterior aspect of pericardium (anterior) - posterior aspect of pericardium
2. Content:

• Phrenic nerve, 
• Heart, 
• Pericardium, 
• Ascending
• Aorta, 
• Pulmonary trunk, 
• Superior vena cava,
• Pericardicophrenic artery

Posterior inferior mediastinum

1. Borders: T4 (superior) - T12 (inferior); posterior aspect of pericardium (anterior) - spine (posterior)
2. Content: 

• Descending thoracic aorta, 
• Azygos veins,
• Hemiazygos veins, 
• Accessory hemiazygos veins, 
• Thoracic duct, 
• Cisterna chyli, 
• Esophagus, 
• Esophageal plexus, 
• Vagus nerve, 
• Greater, 
• Lesser and least splanchnic nerves, 
• Lymphatic channel