Breast Cancer

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Breast Cancer:

স্তনের কিছু কোষ অস্বাভাবিকভাবে বেড়ে গেলে, ওই অনিয়মিত ও অতিরিক্ত কোষগুলো বিভাজনের মাধ্যমে টিউমার বা পিণ্ডে পরিণত হয়। সেটি রক্তনালীর লসিকা (কোষ-রস) ও অন্যান্য মাধ্যমে শরীরের বিভিন্ন জায়গায় ছড়িয়ে পড়ে। এই ছড়িয়ে যাওয়ার প্রবণতাই ক্যান্সার। চিকিৎসকদের মতে, যেকোন নারীই স্তন ক্যান্সারে আক্রান্ত হতে পারেন।

লক্ষণ বা উপসর্গ

• স্তনের কোন অংশ চাকা চাকা হয়ে যাওয়া অথবা কোন লাম্প দেখা যাওয়া
• স্তনের আকার বা আকৃতির পরিবর্তন
• স্তনবৃন্তের আকারে পরিবর্তন
• স্তনবৃন্ত থেকে রক্ত বা তরল পদার্থ বের হওয়া
• স্তনবৃন্তের আশেপাশে রাশ বা ফুসকুড়ি দেখা যাওয়া
• বগলে ফুলে যাওয়া বা চাকা দেখা দেয়া
• স্তনের ভেতরে গোটা ওঠা বা শক্ত হয়ে যাওয়া

ঝুঁকির মাত্রা বেশি যাদের

৫০ বছরের বেশি বয়সীদের ঝুঁকির মাত্রা সবচেয়ে বেশি। স্তন ক্যান্সারে যতোজন আক্রান্ত হন তাদের ৮০ ভাগেরই বয়স হচ্ছে ৫০-এর ওপর। সেই সাথে যাদের পরিবারে কারোর স্তন ক্যান্সার রয়েছে তাদেরও এই ক্যান্সারে আক্রান্ত হওয়ার সম্ভাবনা প্রচুর।

Symptoms of Breast abscess: 

• warmth in the area
• pain in the breast
• discharge from the nipple
• flushed skin
• a high temperature
• a headache
• nausea
• vomiting
• flu-like symptoms
• fatigue

Diagnosis: 

• Clinical examination
• Ultrasound
• Biopsy

Homoeopathic treatment of Breast abscess:

Belladonna- Is the remedy most often indicated for the initiatory symptoms of abscess. The parts swell rapidly, become bright red, there is intense throbbing which is painful,pus develops speedily the swelling increases and the redness radiates; here Belladonna is in close relation with Hepar and Mercurius. It comes in earlier than either of these remedies and corresponds more closely to the active, asthenic variety of abscess before pus is matured.

Hepar sulphur –  Is the great homoeopathic remedy for suppurations where the pus is not decomposed. It suits especially lymphatic, phlegmatic individuals. Excessive sensitiveness of the parts is a leading indication. It is further indicated by these symptoms: chilly sensations, throbbing in the parts, or sharp, sticking pains which are worse at night and from If given low in threatening suppuration it will favor the formation of pus. The suppurative process will often be aborted by Hepar if given in the higher potencies. 

Silicea – Is the remedy where the suppuration continues and the wound refuses to heal, no matter where the suppurative process is located; the pus is apt to be thin,watery,and the process is sluggish and indolent one. Under Silicea the suppurative process takes on a healthy action , the pus becomes benign, granulation appear. 

Mercurius – Differing from Belladonna, from Hepar, and especially from Silicea is Mercurius, which is one of our good remedies in abscess. It comes in after Belladonna, when pus has formed. It favors the formation of pus especially in the lower potencies, and is especially indicated in glandular abscesses; the pus is greenish in tint, and quite thin and fluid. There is intense, shining redness with throbbing and stinging pains. It does not follow Silicea well.

Lachesis – In low conditions of abscess, when pus in thin, dark, ichorous, and offensive in character, Lachesis may me the remedy. The parts are purplish in appearance. It the remedy for abscess where poisonous matter has been introduced into the system, causing the trouble.

Sulphur- Is also a remedy which may be used with the greatest benefit in abscesses and suppuration; especially is it useful in chronic cases where the discharge is profuse, accompanied with emaciation and hectic fever. Abscesses in scrofulous persons, where there is a marked psoric taint and a tendency to boils, correspond to Sulphur. The pus is acrid and excoriating. Crops of boils in various parts of the body indicate the remedy well. Lycopodium has also been found useful in boils which are greatly aggravated by poultices.

Arnica – is the remedy where abscesses and boils do not mature; they shrivel up, then another crop comes; Arnica will often develop the abscess, carrying it on to a discharge of the pus and a cure of the trouble. Boils coming in crops call for Arnica; they are very sore, purplish in color; also blood boils which are very sore. 

Echinacea- homeopathic medicine for abscess has achieved a well merited reputation in suppurative conditions, especially where symptoms of blood poisoning are present. There is no question as to its efficacy.

Causes of Mastitis: 

Milk that is trapped in the breast is the main cause of mastitis. Other causes include:

A blocked milk duct. If a breast doesn't completely empty at feedings, one of your milk ducts can become clogged. The blockage causes milk to back up, leading to breast infection.

Bacteria entering your breast. Bacteria from your skin's surface and baby's mouth can enter the milk ducts through a crack in the skin of your nipple or through a milk duct opening. Stagnant milk in a breast that isn't emptied provides a breeding ground for the bacteria.

Risk factors for mastitis include:

• Sore or cracked nipples — although mastitis can develop without broken skin
• Wearing a tightfitting bra or putting pressure on your breast when using a seat belt or carrying a heavy bag, which may restrict milk flow
• Improper nursing technique
• Becoming overly tired or stressed
• Poor nutrition
• Smoking

Signs and symptoms of mastitis can appear suddenly. They may include:

• Breast tenderness or warmth to the touch
• Breast swelling
• Thickening of breast tissue, or a breast lump
• Pain or a burning sensation continuously or while breast-feeding
• Skin redness, often in a wedge-shaped pattern
• Generally feeling ill
• Fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or greater

Complications:

Mastitis that isn't adequately treated or that is due to a blocked duct can cause a collection of pus (abscess) to develop in your breast. An abscess usually requires surgical drainage.

To avoid this complication, talk to your doctor as soon as you develop signs or symptoms of mastitis.

Prevention:

• To get your breast-feeding relationship with your infant off to its best start — and to avoid complications such as mastitis — consider meeting with a lactation consultant. A lactation consultant can give you tips and provide invaluable advice for proper breast-feeding techniques.
• Minimize your chances of getting mastitis by following these tips:
• Fully drain the milk from your breasts while breast-feeding.
• Allow your baby to completely empty one breast before switching to the other breast during feeding.
• Change the position you use to breast-feed from one feeding to the next.
• Make sure your baby latches on properly during feedings.
• If you smoke, ask your doctor about smoking cessation.

Top Homeopathic Medicines for Mastitis:

1. Belladonna – A Wonderful Homeopathic Medicine Used in the Initial Phase of Mastitis

Belladonna is a very useful homeopathic medicine for mastitis. Belladonna works well in the initial stage of inflammation of the breast. The breast is red and very swollen. Throbbing pains accompany the swelling. The pain is worse when lying down. Inflammation of breast after weaning is another strong indication to use Belladonna.

2. Phytolacca – A Top Grade Homeopathic Medicine for Mastitis with Stinging and Shooting Pain

Phytolacca is a top grade homeopathic medicine for mastitis. Phytolacca works well for swollen, painful breast with marked soreness. There is a stinging and shooting pain in the breast. Extreme sensitivity and tenderness of the breast are also symptoms. Hardness and a purple hue may also accompany. Nipples may also be cracked. Pain from the breast also radiates to the whole body while nursing the child.

3. Bryonia – Homeopathic Medicine for Mastitis with Stony Hard Breast

Bryonia is an excellent homeopathic treatment for mastitis. Its use is considered in cases of mastitis when the breasts are stony hard. The breasts are also hot, swollen and highly painful. The slightest motion worsens the pain in the breast, and the patient may need to support the breast with the hand. Resting seems to relieve the pain.

4. Silicea and Hepar Sulph – Homeopathic Medicines for Mastitis When an Abscess is Formed

Silicea and Hepar Sulph are great homeopathic medicines for mastitis when an abscess gets formed. These medicines are very effective when treating suppurative conditions. They help in the drainage of pus without any surgical intervention. These medicines work well in cases of an abscess with pus discharge that may be offensive in nature, intense pain, sensitivity to touch, and chills.

Discharge from breast

Fluid that leaks from one or both nipples is called a nipple discharge. Each breast has several (15 to 20) milk ducts. A discharge can come from one or more of these ducts.

Nipple discharge can occur normally during the last weeks of pregnancy and after childbirth when breast milk is produced. A nipple discharge can also be normal in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding, especially during the reproductive years.  However, a nipple discharge in men is always abnormal.

A normal nipple discharge is usually a thin, cloudy, whitish, or almost clear fluid that is not sticky. However, the discharge may be other colors, such as gray, green, yellow, or brown. During pregnancy or breastfeeding, a normal discharge is sometimes slightly bloody.

Abnormal discharges vary in appearance depending on the cause. An abnormal discharge may be accompanied by other abnormalities, such as dimpled skin, swelling, redness, crusting, sores, and an inverted (retracted) nipple. (A nipple is inverted if it pulls inward and does not return to its normal position when it is stimulated.) If a discharge from only one breast occurs on its own (without any stimulation of the nipple), it is considered abnormal.

Types of nipple discharge

Examples of some of the most common types of nipple discharge include:

Milky discharge: This is the most common type of nipple discharge. In women, this can be because the woman has recently stopped breast-feeding or due to hormonal shifts in a premenopausal woman.

Bloody discharge: Blood discharge can be caused by a non-cancerous tumor called a papilloma, which can irritate the tissue inside a breast duct. In rare instances, bloody discharge can be due to breast cancer.

Clear discharge: Clear discharge from one breast only can be a symptom of breast cancer. Clear discharge from both breasts is usually less concerning, but if a woman is concerned, she should visit her doctor.

Green-tinged nipple discharge: Discharge of this color can be a symptom of a cyst underneath the nipple or areola that is draining.

Some causes of normal nipple discharge include:

Pregnancy. In the early stages of pregnancy ,some women notice clear breast discharge coming from their nipples. In the later stages of pregnancy ,this discharge may take on a watery, milky appearance.

Stopping of Breastfeeding .Even after you have stopped nursing your baby, you may notice that a milk-like breast discharge persists for a while.

Stimulation. Nipples may secrete fluid when they are stimulated or squeezed. Normal nipple discharge may also occur when your nipples are repeatedly chafed by your bra or during vigorous physical exercise, such as jogging. 

Possible causes of abnormal discharge include:

Fibrocystic breast changes. Fibrocystic refers to the presence or development of fibrous tissue and cysts. Fibrocystic changes in your breasts may cause lumps or thickenings in your breast tissue. They do not indicate, though, the presence of cancer. In addition to causing pain and itching ,fibrocystic breast changes can, at times, cause secretion of clear, white, yellow, or green nipple discharge.

Galactorrhea. It might sound scary. But galactorrhea simply describes a condition in which a woman's breast secretes milk or a milky nipple discharge even though they are not breastfeeding. Galactorrhea is not a disease and has many possible causes. These include:

• Pituitary gland tumors
• Certain medications ,including some hormones and psychotropic drugs
• Some herbs, such as anise and fennel
• Hypothyroidism
• Illegal drugs, including marijuana .

Infection. Nipple discharge that contains pus may indicate an infection in your breast. This is also known as mastitis . Mastitis is usually seen in women who are breastfeeding. But it can develop in women who are not lactating. If you have an infection or abscess  in your breast, you may also notice that your breast is sore, red, or warm to the touch.

Mammary duct ectasia. This is the second most common cause of abnormal nipple discharge. It is typically seen in women who are approaching menopause. This condition results in inflammation and possible blockage of ducts located underneath the nipple. When this occurs, an infection may develop that results in thick, greenish nipple discharge.

Intraductal papilloma. These are noncancerous growths in the ducts of the breast. They are the most common reason women experience abnormal nipple discharge. When they become inflamed, intraductal papillomas may result in nipple discharge that contains blood or is sticky in texture.

Some medicines for discharging from breast:

Pulsatilla

Merc Sol – For Milk Fluid Secretion during Menses

Cyclamen – When Milk Flow Occurs after Menses

Belladonna – For Heaviness and Hardness of Breast

Lycopodium – Natural Medicine for Galactorrhea

Phosphorus – For Amenorrhoea (absent periods)

Carcinoma of breast

Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts.

After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.

Cause of Breast Cancer

Many etiological factors are responsible for causing breast cancer.

• Age – the highest risk is found between 40-60 years of age.
• Sex – females and male ratio is 99:1, risk in female sex is much higher then male sex.
• Geographical – breast cancer is the disease of WHITE, WESTERN, and WOMEN.  It is rare in Japan and Taiwan. Genetic predisposition exists in a few cases, especially in bilateral breast cancer.
• Frequent abortions – frequent abortions increases the risk of breast cancer in females.
• Endocrinal cause – longer the cumulative period of menstruation more the risk (early menarche and late menopause)

1. More the cumulative period of lactation better the protection
2. More abortion and each occurring later increases risk
3. More oestrogen content in OCP and OCP taken early in the reproductive life (before first pregnancy)  increases risk
4. Hormonal replacement therapy increases risk if the oestrogen content is higher and if taken more than 5 years.

• Family history of breast cancer – if there is history of cancer in close relation like mother, grand mother, and risk is increase in such females.
• Dietary factor – increased intake of saturated fat and reduced intake of phytooestrogens increases risk. Increased risk has been found in post menopausal obese women and is due to increased synthesis of oestrogen in the body fat. Vitamin C may have protective value.
• Chromosomal abnormalities – have been found in short arm of chromosome 17 in women with a family history of carcinoma of the breast.

Signs and Symptoms of breast cancer:

• Changes in size and shape of the breast
• Lump in the breast is the most common presentation. Typically it is hard and irregular but it can also be firm.
• Swelling and redness of the breast
• Bleeding from nipple is an uncommon symptom of breast cancer, it involves multiple ducts.
• Nipple tender, red, ulcerated, inverted with discharge.
• Fixation of the skin, ulceration, peau d’ orange, fixation to chest wall and pectorals occurs late.
• Areola becomes thick with presence of peau d’orange.
• Puckering or dimpling of skin over the breast.
• Bone pains in case of bony metastasis.  About 5% of patients present with bony metastasis giving rise to bony pains.

স্তনবৃন্ত চ্যাপ্টা হয়ে যাওয়া, বেঁকে যাওয়া বা স্তনবৃন্তের শেপ অসমান হয়ে যাওয়া ক্যান্সারের লক্ষণ, বিশেষ করে যদি ব্রেস্টফিডিং না চলা অবস্থায়ও এই বিষয়গুলো চোখে পড়ে। সামান্য সন্দেহ হলেই চিকিৎসকের সঙ্গে যোগাযোগ করুন। স্তনে বিকৃতি বা ফোলা ভাব, স্তন লালচে হয়ে যাওয়া, স্তনে হাত দিলে ব্যথা লাগা এই রোগের লক্ষণ। স্তনের উপরের ত্বক যদি খসখসে হয়ে গেলে ক্যান্সারের প্রাথমিক লক্ষণ।

১) স্তনে চাকা ও লাম্প বা পিন্ড অনুভব করা যা ব্যথাহীন ও খুব দ্রুত বেড়ে যাচ্ছে আকারে।
২) স্তনের ত্বকে বিভিন্ন পরিবর্তন যেমন চামড়া কুঁচকে যাওয়া, কমলার খোসার মত ছোট ছোট ছিদ্র দেখা দেয়া, চামড়ায় টোল পড়া, দীর্ঘস্থায়ী ঘা ইত্যাদি।
৩) নিপল (বোঁটা) দিয়ে রস নিঃসরণ হওয়া বা রক্তপাত হওয়া।
৪) নিপল ও তার আশেপাশের (Areola) কালো অংশা ফুঁসকুড়ি ও চুলকানি হওয়া।
৫) স্তনে দীর্ঘদিন ব্যথা অনুভূত হওয়া।
৬) স্তনের আকার পরিবর্তন হওয়া।
৭) গলার কাছে অথবা বগলে চাকা অনুভব করা।
৮) স্তনের বোটা ভেতরের দিকে ঢুকে যাওয়া অথবা বোটা দিয়ে পুঁজ নির্গত হওয়া।

DIAGNOSING BREAST CANCER

Investigations mainly include

Complete blood count – Hb% may be decreases.

Chest X-ray – to rule out pulmonary secondaries, or effusion, mediastinal widening

Ultrasound – of the breast to detect solid cystic lesion. It is indicated in patients less than 40 years of age.

Abdominal ultrasonography – is done to rule out secondaries in the liver, ascites, recto-uterine deposits.

FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology) – is quick, safe, easy method in which a cytological diagnosis can be made.

Mammography – it should always be combined with clinical examination

Some Homoeopathic medicines for Breast carcinoma:

1. Carcinosin  - start treatment with this remedy.
2. Hydrastis canadensis
3. Asterias rubens
4. Conium Mac
5. Baryta carb
6. Thuja occidentalis
7. Malandrinum
8. Phytolacca
9. Calcarea fluor
10. Pulsatilla
11. Arsenicum album
12. Antimonium crudum
13. Psorinum

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